Mike wrote:
Mankind has caused no end of accidental extinctions, but there's one intentional one that we're rightly proud of: smallpox, which no longer circulates in the human population. But last year, humanity celebrated a similar success, eliminating another virus from the wild. It just didn't get as much attention because the virus in question targeted cattle. But, for those whose livelihoods depend on cattle, this was a major advance. And, according to a review of its eradication published in Science, our ability to wipe it out in a few remaining pockets of Africa may have important lessons for other diseases, including those that infect humans.
The virus in question, a relative of the measles virus, causes a disease called rinderpest. If it isn't familiar, that may be because it was such a problem that control efforts in Europe date back as far as the 1600s. Use of vaccines against it date back to the 1800s (and, the article helpfully points out, rinderpest control was the target of the first rectal thermometers). As a result, the virus has been largely in check in Europe.
But in the late 1800s, it made the jump to Africa, and the results explain why eliminating the virus is such a triumph: the paper cites a 90 percent mortality as the virus spread through the continent. That's also why it's generally been considered the animal disease that has the largest impact on human well-being. [...]
All of that [effectiveness of vaccines in eliminating further human disease] assumes a that the local population has bought into the need for the vaccine. And, at least in the case of the human disease closest to eradication, polio, that has become a serious problem, as many local figures in the last remaining pockets have linked the vaccine to various conspiracies
arstechnica.com/science/2012/09/herd-imm...eted-for-extinction/
I want to get off to bed, but just wanted to say that it's really interesting that the vacine for smallpox comes from cows! It was noticed by a british doctor in Gloucestershire area that milk girls did not contract smallpox. A friend and fellow doctor invented the hyperdermic needle to give the vacine. I might have it slightly wrong, but I don't think so.
Measles 'culture' was originally 'grown' on eggs. A very tiny minority of kids are allergic to eggs. My friends baby son was very, very lucky as she gave him some scrambled eggs luckily before he had his measles jab. He had an anaphalactic reaction. He was never innoculated as the measles jab would be fatal to him.

Jane